FreeStatistics.org

Free Statistics

of Irreproducible Research!

Description of Statistical Computation

Author's title

Author*Unverified author*
R Software Modulerwasp_centraltendency.wasp
Title produced by softwareCentral Tendency
Date of computationWed, 19 Nov 2025 11:41:59 +0100
Cite this page as followsStatistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2025/Nov/19/t1763548978s0037mvhoi6osne.htm/, Retrieved Sun, 17 May 2026 05:13:51 +0000
Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=320559, Retrieved Sun, 17 May 2026 05:13:51 +0000
QR Codes:

Original text written by user:
IsPrivate?No (this computation is public)
User-defined keywords
Estimated Impact122

Tree of Dependent Computations

Family? (F = Feedback message, R = changed R code, M = changed R Module, P = changed Parameters, D = changed Data)
-       [Central Tendency] [Data ] [2025-11-19 10:41:59] [d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e] [Current]
Feedback Forum

Post a new message

Dataset

Dataseries X:
Download CSV
Histogram
Boxplots 
Year	GDP (Current US$B)	VAT (N Billion)	CIT (N Billion)
2003	104.74	65.89	45.8
2004	135.76	96.20	67.5
2005	175.67	81.45	80.4
2006	238.45	110.57	80.8
2007	278.20	144.37	148.8
2008	339.48	198.07	261.9
2009	295.01	229.32	222.2
2010	366.99	215.57	438.32
2011	414.47	318.00	654.45
2012	463.97	347.69	820.57
2013	520.12	389.53	963.44
2014	574.18	388.85	1,173.48
2015	493.03	381.27	1,208.10
2016	404.65	397.06	1,333.55
2017	375.75	413.77	1,215.05
2018	421.74	533.74	1,340.33
2019	474.52	564.45	1,604.70
2020	432.20	699.37	1,275.37
2021	440.84	964.11	1,741.19
2022	472.63	1,171.36	2,649.20
2023	363.85	1,555.27	3,348.75

Source: Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (CBN)
Notes: 
GDP = Gross Domestic Product
VAT = Value Added Tax
CIT = Company Income Tax

Tables (Output of Computation)





Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input view raw input (R code)
Raw Outputview raw output of R engine
Computing time1 seconds
R ServerBig Analytics Cloud Computing Center
R Framework error message
Warning: there are blank lines in the 'Data' field.
Please, use NA for missing data - blank lines are simply
 deleted and are NOT treated as missing values.

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Summary of computational transaction \tabularnewline
Raw Input view raw input (R code)  \tabularnewline
Raw Outputview raw output of R engine  \tabularnewline
Computing time1 seconds \tabularnewline
R ServerBig Analytics Cloud Computing Center \tabularnewline
R Framework error message & 
Warning: there are blank lines in the 'Data' field.
Please, use NA for missing data - blank lines are simply
 deleted and are NOT treated as missing values.
 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=320559&T=0

[TABLE]
[ROW]
Summary of computational transaction[/C][/ROW] [ROW]Raw Input[/C] view raw input (R code) [/C][/ROW] [ROW]Raw Output[/C]view raw output of R engine [/C][/ROW] [ROW]Computing time[/C]1 seconds[/C][/ROW] [ROW]R Server[/C]Big Analytics Cloud Computing Center[/C][/ROW] [ROW]R Framework error message[/C][C]
Warning: there are blank lines in the 'Data' field.
Please, use NA for missing data - blank lines are simply
 deleted and are NOT treated as missing values.
[/C][/ROW] [/TABLE] Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=320559&T=0

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=320559&T=0

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:  
QR Code


The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input view raw input (R code)
Raw Outputview raw output of R engine
Computing time1 seconds
R ServerBig Analytics Cloud Computing Center
R Framework error message
Warning: there are blank lines in the 'Data' field.
Please, use NA for missing data - blank lines are simply
 deleted and are NOT treated as missing values.


Figures (Output of Computation)

Input Parameters & R Code

Parameters (Session):
Parameters (R input):
R code (references can be found in the software module):
geomean <- function(x) {
return(exp(mean(log(x))))
}
harmean <- function(x) {
return(1/mean(1/x))
}
quamean <- function(x) {
return(sqrt(mean(x*x)))
}
winmean <- function(x) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
denom <- 3
nodenom <- n/denom
if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40
sqrtn = sqrt(n)
roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)
win <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))
for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {
win[j,1] <- (j*x[j+1]+sum(x[(j+1):(n-j)])+j*x[n-j])/n
win[j,2] <- sd(c(rep(x[j+1],j),x[(j+1):(n-j)],rep(x[n-j],j)))/sqrtn
}
return(win)
}
trimean <- function(x) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
denom <- 3
nodenom <- n/denom
if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40
sqrtn = sqrt(n)
roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)
tri <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))
for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {
tri[j,1] <- mean(x,trim=j/n)
tri[j,2] <- sd(x[(j+1):(n-j)]) / sqrt(n-j*2)
}
return(tri)
}
midrange <- function(x) {
return((max(x)+min(x))/2)
}
q1 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p;
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]
}
q2 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]
}
q3 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
q4 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
q5 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n-1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1] + f*(data[i+2]-data[i+1])
}
}
q6 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p+0.5
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- data[i]
}
q7 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- f*data[i] + (1-f)*data[i+1]
}
}
q8 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
if (f == 0.5) {
qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2
} else {
if (f < 0.5) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
}
}
midmean <- function(x,def) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
if (def==1) {
qvalue1 <- q1(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q1(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==2) {
qvalue1 <- q2(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q2(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==3) {
qvalue1 <- q3(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q3(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==4) {
qvalue1 <- q4(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q4(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==5) {
qvalue1 <- q5(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q5(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==6) {
qvalue1 <- q6(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q6(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==7) {
qvalue1 <- q7(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q7(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==8) {
qvalue1 <- q8(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q8(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
midm <- 0
myn <- 0
roundno4 <- round(n/4)
round3no4 <- round(3*n/4)
for (i in 1:n) {
if ((x[i]>=qvalue1) & (x[i]<=qvalue3)){
midm = midm + x[i]
myn = myn + 1
}
}
midm = midm / myn
return(midm)
}
(arm <- mean(x))
sqrtn <- sqrt(length(x))
(armse <- sd(x) / sqrtn)
(armose <- arm / armse)
(geo <- geomean(x))
(har <- harmean(x))
(qua <- quamean(x))
(win <- winmean(x))
(tri <- trimean(x))
(midr <- midrange(x))
midm <- array(NA,dim=8)
for (j in 1:8) midm[j] <- midmean(x,j)
midm
bitmap(file='test1.png')
lb <- win[,1] - 2*win[,2]
ub <- win[,1] + 2*win[,2]
if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(win[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(win[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))
lines(ub,lty=3)
lines(lb,lty=3)
grid()
dev.off()
bitmap(file='test2.png')
lb <- tri[,1] - 2*tri[,2]
ub <- tri[,1] + 2*tri[,2]
if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(tri[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(tri[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))
lines(ub,lty=3)
lines(lb,lty=3)
grid()
dev.off()
load(file='createtable')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data',4,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Measure',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Value',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'S.E.',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Value/S.E.',header=TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Arithmetic Mean',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(arm,6))
a<-table.element(a, signif(armse,6))
a<-table.element(a,signif(armose,6))
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Geometric Mean',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(geo,6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Harmonic Mean',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(har,6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Quadratic Mean',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(qua,6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
for (j in 1:length(win[,1])) {
a<-table.row.start(a)
mylabel <- paste('Winsorized Mean (',j)
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(win[,1]))
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')
a<-table.element(a, mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(win[j,1],6))
a<-table.element(a,signif(win[j,2],6))
a<-table.element(a,signif(win[j,1]/win[j,2],6))
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
for (j in 1:length(tri[,1])) {
a<-table.row.start(a)
mylabel <- paste('Trimmed Mean (',j)
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(tri[,1]))
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')
a<-table.element(a, mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(tri[j,1],6))
a<-table.element(a,signif(tri[j,2],6))
a<-table.element(a,signif(tri[j,1]/tri[j,2],6))
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Median',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(median(x),6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Midrange',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(midr,6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <-  'Midmean'
mylabel <- paste(mymid,'Weighted Average at Xnp',sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(midm[1],6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <-  'Midmean'
mylabel <- paste(mymid,'Weighted Average at X(n+1)p',sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(midm[2],6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <-  'Midmean'
mylabel <- paste(mymid,'Empirical Distribution Function',sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(midm[3],6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <-  'Midmean'
mylabel <- paste(mymid,'Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging',sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(midm[4],6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <-  'Midmean'
mylabel <- paste(mymid,'Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation',sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(midm[5],6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <-  'Midmean'
mylabel <- paste(mymid,'Closest Observation',sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(midm[6],6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <-  'Midmean'
mylabel <- paste(mymid,'True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit',sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(midm[7],6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <-  'Midmean'
mylabel <- paste(mymid,'MS Excel (old versions)',sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(midm[8],6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Number of observations',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,signif(length(x),6))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')