Home » date » 2010 » Mar » 14 »

centrummaten (financiele situatie van de gezinnen)

*Unverified author*

R Software Module: /rwasp_centraltendency.wasp (opens new window with default values)

Title produced by software: Central Tendency

Date of computation: Sun, 14 Mar 2010 07:19:43 -0600

Cite this page as follows:

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Mar/14/t1268572874cvzwf3ujiay14du.htm/, Retrieved Sun, 14 Mar 2010 14:21:17 +0100

BibTeX entries for LaTeX users:

@Manual{KEY,
    author = {{YOUR NAME}},
    publisher = {Office for Research Development and Education},
    title = {Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, URL http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Mar/14/t1268572874cvzwf3ujiay14du.htm/},
    year = {2010},
}
@Manual{R,
    title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing},
    author = {{R Development Core Team}},
    organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
    address = {Vienna, Austria},
    year = {2010},
    note = {{ISBN} 3-900051-07-0},
    url = {http://www.R-project.org},
}

Original text written by user:

IsPrivate?

No (this computation is public)

User-defined keywords:

KDGP1W52

Dataseries X:

» Textbox « » Textfile « » CSV «

1 1 3 3 1 1 -2 1 1 -1 -4 -2 -1 -5 -4 -5 0 -2 -4 -6 -2 -2 -2 1 -2 0 -1 2 3 2 3 4 5 5 4 5 6 4 6 6 3 5 5 5 3 5 5 6 6 5 4 4 0 2 3 3 2 3 5 6 6 5 4 7 5 6 5 6 5 6 6 6 6

Output produced by software:

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'Gwilym Jenkins' @ 72.249.127.135

Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data
Measure	Value	S.E.	Value/S.E.
Arithmetic Mean	2.41095890410959	0.392003215184196	6.15035492241235
Geometric Mean	NaN
Harmonic Mean	0
Quadratic Mean	4.10812759402226
Winsorized Mean ( 1 / 24 )	2.41095890410959	0.386135093806669	6.24382228598137
Winsorized Mean ( 2 / 24 )	2.41095890410959	0.386135093806669	6.24382228598137
Winsorized Mean ( 3 / 24 )	2.45205479452055	0.375749426636097	6.5257712206579
Winsorized Mean ( 4 / 24 )	2.45205479452055	0.375749426636097	6.5257712206579
Winsorized Mean ( 5 / 24 )	2.45205479452055	0.375749426636097	6.5257712206579
Winsorized Mean ( 6 / 24 )	2.61643835616438	0.3404660031631	7.68487406042412
Winsorized Mean ( 7 / 24 )	2.61643835616438	0.3404660031631	7.68487406042412
Winsorized Mean ( 8 / 24 )	2.61643835616438	0.3404660031631	7.68487406042412
Winsorized Mean ( 9 / 24 )	2.61643835616438	0.3404660031631	7.68487406042412
Winsorized Mean ( 10 / 24 )	2.61643835616438	0.3404660031631	7.68487406042412
Winsorized Mean ( 11 / 24 )	2.61643835616438	0.3404660031631	7.68487406042412
Winsorized Mean ( 12 / 24 )	2.61643835616438	0.3404660031631	7.68487406042412
Winsorized Mean ( 13 / 24 )	2.79452054794521	0.308405152754713	9.06119927953279
Winsorized Mean ( 14 / 24 )	2.6027397260274	0.283178661802989	9.19115765805178
Winsorized Mean ( 15 / 24 )	2.6027397260274	0.283178661802989	9.19115765805178
Winsorized Mean ( 16 / 24 )	2.82191780821918	0.246236872378315	11.4601756469828
Winsorized Mean ( 17 / 24 )	2.82191780821918	0.246236872378315	11.4601756469828
Winsorized Mean ( 18 / 24 )	2.82191780821918	0.246236872378315	11.4601756469828
Winsorized Mean ( 19 / 24 )	3.08219178082192	0.207134380768065	14.8801554304649
Winsorized Mean ( 20 / 24 )	3.08219178082192	0.207134380768065	14.8801554304649
Winsorized Mean ( 21 / 24 )	3.08219178082192	0.207134380768065	14.8801554304649
Winsorized Mean ( 22 / 24 )	3.08219178082192	0.207134380768065	14.8801554304649
Winsorized Mean ( 23 / 24 )	3.08219178082192	0.207134380768065	14.8801554304649
Winsorized Mean ( 24 / 24 )	3.08219178082192	0.207134380768065	14.8801554304649
Trimmed Mean ( 1 / 24 )	2.46478873239437	0.379468539673328	6.49537043180502
Trimmed Mean ( 2 / 24 )	2.52173913043478	0.371403581677126	6.78975447422319
Trimmed Mean ( 3 / 24 )	2.58208955223881	0.361631844579157	7.14010558236006
Trimmed Mean ( 4 / 24 )	2.63076923076923	0.354618721826446	7.41858528286263
Trimmed Mean ( 5 / 24 )	2.68253968253968	0.346014834444428	7.75267247384595
Trimmed Mean ( 6 / 24 )	2.73770491803279	0.335431896245307	8.1617310359497
Trimmed Mean ( 7 / 24 )	2.76271186440678	0.332655735161877	8.30501798822856
Trimmed Mean ( 8 / 24 )	2.78947368421053	0.328984960258033	8.47903102324999
Trimmed Mean ( 9 / 24 )	2.81818181818182	0.324209381871564	8.6924746036444
Trimmed Mean ( 10 / 24 )	2.84905660377358	0.318054027796082	8.95777558145007
Trimmed Mean ( 11 / 24 )	2.88235294117647	0.310151207681507	9.2933797121833
Trimmed Mean ( 12 / 24 )	2.91836734693878	0.299995372262886	9.72804121918724
Trimmed Mean ( 13 / 24 )	2.95744680851064	0.286865491447884	10.3095244868375
Trimmed Mean ( 14 / 24 )	2.97777777777778	0.27795953649438	10.7129901543708
Trimmed Mean ( 15 / 24 )	3.02325581395349	0.271349468175851	11.1415579115646
Trimmed Mean ( 16 / 24 )	3.07317073170732	0.262237659623719	11.7190289759181
Trimmed Mean ( 17 / 24 )	3.1025641025641	0.259228773630744	11.968440305101
Trimmed Mean ( 18 / 24 )	3.13513513513514	0.254574254971978	12.3152089180433
Trimmed Mean ( 19 / 24 )	3.17142857142857	0.247629820924873	12.8071351002218
Trimmed Mean ( 20 / 24 )	3.18181818181818	0.24792527533263	12.8337789583950
Trimmed Mean ( 21 / 24 )	3.19354838709677	0.247218308638857	12.9179283066854
Trimmed Mean ( 22 / 24 )	3.20689655172414	0.24504604144055	13.0869143319834
Trimmed Mean ( 23 / 24 )	3.22222222222222	0.240685945988525	13.387662536706
Trimmed Mean ( 24 / 24 )	3.24	0.232952069462082	13.9084405108811
Median	3
Midrange	0.5
Midmean - Weighted Average at Xnp	3.16279069767442
Midmean - Weighted Average at X(n+1)p	3.16279069767442
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function	3.16279069767442
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging	3.16279069767442
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation	3.16279069767442
Midmean - Closest Observation	3.16279069767442
Midmean - True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit	3.16279069767442
Midmean - MS Excel (old versions)	3.16279069767442
Number of observations	73

Charts produced by software:

http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Mar/14/t1268572874cvzwf3ujiay14du/1fih71268572781.png (open in new window)

http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Mar/14/t1268572874cvzwf3ujiay14du/1fih71268572781.ps (open in new window)

http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Mar/14/t1268572874cvzwf3ujiay14du/2wlt51268572781.png (open in new window)

http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2010/Mar/14/t1268572874cvzwf3ujiay14du/2wlt51268572781.ps (open in new window)

Parameters (Session):

Parameters (R input):

R code (references can be found in the software module):

geomean <- function(x) {

return(exp(mean(log(x))))

}

harmean <- function(x) {

return(1/mean(1/x))

}

quamean <- function(x) {

return(sqrt(mean(x*x)))

}

winmean <- function(x) {

x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])

n<-length(x)

denom <- 3

nodenom <- n/denom

if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40

sqrtn = sqrt(n)

roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)

win <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))

for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {

win[j,1] <- (j*x[j+1]+sum(x[(j+1):(n-j)])+j*x[n-j])/n

win[j,2] <- sd(c(rep(x[j+1],j),x[(j+1):(n-j)],rep(x[n-j],j)))/sqrtn

}

return(win)

}

trimean <- function(x) {

x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])

n<-length(x)

denom <- 3

nodenom <- n/denom

if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40

sqrtn = sqrt(n)

roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)

tri <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))

for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {

tri[j,1] <- mean(x,trim=j/n)

tri[j,2] <- sd(x[(j+1):(n-j)]) / sqrt(n-j*2)

}

return(tri)

}

midrange <- function(x) {

return((max(x)+min(x))/2)

}

q1 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {

np <- n*p;

i <<- floor(np)

f <<- np - i

qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]

}

q2 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {

np <- (n+1)*p

i <<- floor(np)

f <<- np - i

qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]

}

q3 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {

np <- n*p

i <<- floor(np)

f <<- np - i

if (f==0) {

qvalue <- data[i]

} else {

qvalue <- data[i+1]

}

}

q4 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {

np <- n*p

i <<- floor(np)

f <<- np - i

if (f==0) {

qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2

} else {

qvalue <- data[i+1]

}

}

q5 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {

np <- (n-1)*p

i <<- floor(np)

f <<- np - i

if (f==0) {

qvalue <- data[i+1]

} else {

qvalue <- data[i+1] + f*(data[i+2]-data[i+1])

}

}

q6 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {

np <- n*p+0.5

i <<- floor(np)

f <<- np - i

qvalue <- data[i]

}

q7 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {

np <- (n+1)*p

i <<- floor(np)

f <<- np - i

if (f==0) {

qvalue <- data[i]

} else {

qvalue <- f*data[i] + (1-f)*data[i+1]

}

}

q8 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {

np <- (n+1)*p

i <<- floor(np)

f <<- np - i

if (f==0) {

qvalue <- data[i]

} else {

if (f == 0.5) {

qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2

} else {

if (f < 0.5) {

qvalue <- data[i]

} else {

qvalue <- data[i+1]

}

}

}

}

midmean <- function(x,def) {

x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])

n<-length(x)

if (def==1) {

qvalue1 <- q1(x,n,0.25,i,f)

qvalue3 <- q1(x,n,0.75,i,f)

}

if (def==2) {

qvalue1 <- q2(x,n,0.25,i,f)

qvalue3 <- q2(x,n,0.75,i,f)

}

if (def==3) {

qvalue1 <- q3(x,n,0.25,i,f)

qvalue3 <- q3(x,n,0.75,i,f)

}

if (def==4) {

qvalue1 <- q4(x,n,0.25,i,f)

qvalue3 <- q4(x,n,0.75,i,f)

}

if (def==5) {

qvalue1 <- q5(x,n,0.25,i,f)

qvalue3 <- q5(x,n,0.75,i,f)

}

if (def==6) {

qvalue1 <- q6(x,n,0.25,i,f)

qvalue3 <- q6(x,n,0.75,i,f)

}

if (def==7) {

qvalue1 <- q7(x,n,0.25,i,f)

qvalue3 <- q7(x,n,0.75,i,f)

}

if (def==8) {

qvalue1 <- q8(x,n,0.25,i,f)

qvalue3 <- q8(x,n,0.75,i,f)

}

midm <- 0

myn <- 0

roundno4 <- round(n/4)

round3no4 <- round(3*n/4)

for (i in 1:n) {

if ((x[i]>=qvalue1) & (x[i]<=qvalue3)){

midm = midm + x[i]

myn = myn + 1

}

}

midm = midm / myn

return(midm)

}

(arm <- mean(x))

sqrtn <- sqrt(length(x))

(armse <- sd(x) / sqrtn)

(armose <- arm / armse)

(geo <- geomean(x))

(har <- harmean(x))

(qua <- quamean(x))

(win <- winmean(x))

(tri <- trimean(x))

(midr <- midrange(x))

midm <- array(NA,dim=8)

for (j in 1:8) midm[j] <- midmean(x,j)

midm

bitmap(file='test1.png')

lb <- win[,1] - 2*win[,2]

ub <- win[,1] + 2*win[,2]

if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(win[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(win[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))

lines(ub,lty=3)

lines(lb,lty=3)

grid()

dev.off()

bitmap(file='test2.png')

lb <- tri[,1] - 2*tri[,2]

ub <- tri[,1] + 2*tri[,2]

if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(tri[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(tri[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))

lines(ub,lty=3)

lines(lb,lty=3)

grid()

dev.off()

load(file='createtable')

a<-table.start()

a<-table.row.start(a)

a<-table.element(a,'Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data',4,TRUE)

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

a<-table.element(a,'Measure',header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,'Value',header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,'S.E.',header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,'Value/S.E.',header=TRUE)

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', 'Arithmetic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Arithmetic Mean'),header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,arm)

a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean_standard_error.htm', armse, 'click to view the definition of the Standard Error of the Arithmetic Mean'))

a<-table.element(a,armose)

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/geometric_mean.htm', 'Geometric Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Geometric Mean'),header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,geo)

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/harmonic_mean.htm', 'Harmonic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Harmonic Mean'),header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,har)

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/quadratic_mean.htm', 'Quadratic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Quadratic Mean'),header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,qua)

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

for (j in 1:length(win[,1])) {

a<-table.row.start(a)

mylabel <- paste('Winsorized Mean (',j)

mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')

mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(win[,1]))

mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')

a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/winsorized_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Winsorized Mean'),header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,win[j,1])

a<-table.element(a,win[j,2])

a<-table.element(a,win[j,1]/win[j,2])

a<-table.row.end(a)

}

for (j in 1:length(tri[,1])) {

a<-table.row.start(a)

mylabel <- paste('Trimmed Mean (',j)

mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')

mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(tri[,1]))

mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')

a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Trimmed Mean'),header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1])

a<-table.element(a,tri[j,2])

a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1]/tri[j,2])

a<-table.row.end(a)

}

a<-table.row.start(a)

a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/median_1.htm', 'Median', 'click to view the definition of the Median'),header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,median(x))

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midrange.htm', 'Midrange', 'click to view the definition of the Midrange'),header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,midr)

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')

mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_1.htm','Weighted Average at Xnp',''),sep=' - ')

a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,midm[1])

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')

mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_2.htm','Weighted Average at X(n+1)p',''),sep=' - ')

a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,midm[2])

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')

mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_3.htm','Empirical Distribution Function',''),sep=' - ')

a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,midm[3])

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')

mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_4.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging',''),sep=' - ')

a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,midm[4])

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')

mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_5.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation',''),sep=' - ')

a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,midm[5])

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')

mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_6.htm','Closest Observation',''),sep=' - ')

a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,midm[6])

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')

mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_7.htm','True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit',''),sep=' - ')

a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,midm[7])

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')

mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_8.htm','MS Excel (old versions)',''),sep=' - ')

a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,midm[8])

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.row.start(a)

a<-table.element(a,'Number of observations',header=TRUE)

a<-table.element(a,length(x))

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.element(a,'')

a<-table.row.end(a)

a<-table.end(a)

table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License.

Software written by Ed van Stee & Patrick Wessa

Disclaimer

Information provided on this web site is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and noninfringement. We use reasonable efforts to include accurate and timely information and periodically update the information, and software without notice. However, we make no warranties or representations as to the accuracy or completeness of such information (or software), and we assume no liability or responsibility for errors or omissions in the content of this web site, or any software bugs in online applications. Your use of this web site is AT YOUR OWN RISK. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory shall we be liable to you or any other person for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, exemplary, or consequential damages arising from your access to, or use of, this web site.

We may request personal information to be submitted to our servers in order to be able to:

personalize online software applications according to your needs
enforce strict security rules with respect to the data that you upload (e.g. statistical data)
manage user sessions of online applications
alert you about important changes or upgrades in resources or applications

We NEVER allow other companies to directly offer registered users information about their products and services. Banner references and hyperlinks of third parties NEVER contain any personal data of the visitor.

We do NOT sell, nor transmit by any means, personal information, nor statistical data series uploaded by you to third parties.

We carefully protect your data from loss, misuse, alteration, and destruction. However, at any time, and under any circumstance you are solely responsible for managing your passwords, and keeping them secret.

We store a unique ANONYMOUS USER ID in the form of a small 'Cookie' on your computer. This allows us to track your progress when using this website which is necessary to create state-dependent features. The cookie is used for NO OTHER PURPOSE. At any time you may opt to disallow cookies from this website - this will not affect other features of this website.

We examine cookies that are used by third-parties (banner and online ads) very closely: abuse from third-parties automatically results in termination of the advertising contract without refund. We have very good reason to believe that the cookies that are produced by third parties (banner ads) do NOT cause any privacy or security risk.

FreeStatistics.org is safe. There is no need to download any software to use the applications and services contained in this website. Hence, your system's security is not compromised by their use, and your personal data - other than data you submit in the account application form, and the user-agent information that is transmitted by your browser - is never transmitted to our servers.

As a general rule, we do not log on-line behavior of individuals (other than normal logging of webserver 'hits'). However, in cases of abuse, hacking, unauthorized access, Denial of Service attacks, illegal copying, hotlinking, non-compliance with international webstandards (such as robots.txt), or any other harmful behavior, our system engineers are empowered to log, track, identify, publish, and ban misbehaving individuals - even if this leads to ban entire blocks of IP addresses, or disclosing user's identity.

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