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Afzetprijsindex_Q3

R Software Module: rwasp_centraltendency.wasp (opens new window with default values)
Title produced by software: Central Tendency
Date of computation: Wed, 21 Nov 2007 07:19:07 -0700
 
Cite this page as follows:
Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2007/Nov/21/t11956543493claoiyc09l7zee.htm/, Retrieved Wed, 21 Nov 2007 15:12:31 +0100
 
User-defined keywords:
groep MENS
 
Dataseries X:
» Textbox « » Textfile « » CSV «
0.649414062 1.028841146 0.762174479 0.695507812 0.362174479 0.095507813 0.195507813 -0.021158854 -0.421158854 -0.871158854 -1.271158854 -1.204492187 1.206966146 1.886393229 2.219726563 2.753059896 2.119726562 2.253059896 0.453059896 0.236393229 0.336393229 0.686393229 0.586393229 0.253059896 -1.939114583 -1.6596875 -1.726354167 -1.893020833 -2.226354167 -2.293020833 -1.893020833 -1.6096875 -0.9096875 -0.3596875 0.0403125 -0.093020833 -0.085195312 0.394231771 0.427565104 0.460898438 0.427565104 0.360898438 0.560898437 0.244231771 0.044231771 -0.405768229 -0.505768229 -0.739101563 -1.231276042 -0.851848958 -0.818515625 -1.485182292 -1.018515625 -0.785182292 -0.085182292 -0.401848958 -0.801848958 -0.951848958 -0.851848958 -0.785182292 -1.177356771 -0.797929688 -0.864596354 -0.531263021 0.335403646 0.368736979 0.768736979 1.552070313 1.752070313 1.902070313 2.002070313 2.568736979 2.5765625
 
Text written by user:
 
Output produced by software:


Summary of compuational transaction
Raw Inputview raw input (R code)
Raw Outputview raw output of R engine
Computing time1 seconds
R Server'Gwilym Jenkins' @ 72.249.127.135


Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data
MeasureValueS.E.Value/S.E.
Arithmetic Mean5.47945181843561e-110.1432030798183253.82635054035649e-10
Geometric MeanNaN
Harmonic Mean-184.234428418919
Quadratic Mean1.21511842591603
Winsorized Mean ( 1 / 24 )-0.001504530493150690.142375551291730-0.0105673374361015
Winsorized Mean ( 2 / 24 )0.006150649315068490.1407113988861080.0437110949344397
Winsorized Mean ( 3 / 24 )-0.004928117794520560.137223428394871-0.0359130933556006
Winsorized Mean ( 4 / 24 )-0.006754601794520540.136808289345826-0.0493727523881697
Winsorized Mean ( 5 / 24 )-0.002188391863013690.13315561416352-0.0164348448750067
Winsorized Mean ( 6 / 24 )-0.00637931641095890.130071624400393-0.0490446432138171
Winsorized Mean ( 7 / 24 )-0.01117383695890410.127199808299422-0.0878447625691499
Winsorized Mean ( 8 / 24 )0.0007525327945205550.1245175621757330.00604358759817748
Winsorized Mean ( 9 / 24 )0.01057862454794520.1168591988895710.0905245342126788
Winsorized Mean ( 10 / 24 )-0.01135523682191780.110492833817489-0.102768988988682
Winsorized Mean ( 11 / 24 )-0.05932131123287670.100161530454307-0.592256437814105
Winsorized Mean ( 12 / 24 )-0.08414151682191780.0944778303486035-0.890595354608094
Winsorized Mean ( 13 / 24 )-0.1021746575479450.0828266807904055-1.23359594484415
Winsorized Mean ( 14 / 24 )-0.0906478310.0807123373228369-1.12309758342672
Winsorized Mean ( 15 / 24 )-0.09568314791780820.0774604828280104-1.23525111675664
Winsorized Mean ( 16 / 24 )-0.089236230.0759570434983015-1.17482495223758
Winsorized Mean ( 17 / 24 )-0.09631956341095890.0745292232980956-1.29237310075953
Winsorized Mean ( 18 / 24 )-0.1087157533561640.0719559190957497-1.51086602356506
Winsorized Mean ( 19 / 24 )-0.1153513841506850.0710722713533092-1.62301530476293
Winsorized Mean ( 20 / 24 )-0.1336162241506850.0662376843139198-2.01722366255195
Winsorized Mean ( 21 / 24 )-0.1310766265479450.0652705326841571-2.00820525216521
Winsorized Mean ( 22 / 24 )-0.1375788386575340.064154204598291-2.14450228974079
Winsorized Mean ( 23 / 24 )-0.1335625358082190.0635812680298926-2.10065857361362
Winsorized Mean ( 24 / 24 )-0.1445214398082190.0622508480236154-2.32159792832691
Trimmed Mean ( 1 / 24 )-0.006479423366197190.138215975308645-0.0468789758327736
Trimmed Mean ( 2 / 24 )-0.01174271582608700.133277355497267-0.0881073591404486
Trimmed Mean ( 3 / 24 )-0.02149059385074630.128452593720718-0.167303697249361
Trimmed Mean ( 4 / 24 )-0.02769090540.124310212314145-0.222756480618199
Trimmed Mean ( 5 / 24 )-0.0337557870.119471379867073-0.282542873762382
Trimmed Mean ( 6 / 24 )-0.04131126190163930.114812848583627-0.359813926849390
Trimmed Mean ( 7 / 24 )-0.04851474218644070.110056136657856-0.440818146626969
Trimmed Mean ( 8 / 24 )-0.0553465368771930.105017855450452-0.527020254220541
Trimmed Mean ( 9 / 24 )-0.06465388252727270.0994669662617464-0.650003563566387
Trimmed Mean ( 10 / 24 )-0.07616745279245280.0945178256275553-0.805852782654865
Trimmed Mean ( 11 / 24 )-0.08544449547058820.0899482021870354-0.949929997410262
Trimmed Mean ( 12 / 24 )-0.08898251485714290.0867693627598768-1.02550614671898
Trimmed Mean ( 13 / 24 )-0.08960909793617020.0840518720373977-1.06611662255779
Trimmed Mean ( 14 / 24 )-0.08804108793333330.0831032660747683-1.05941790367327
Trimmed Mean ( 15 / 24 )-0.08772498786046510.0822077284184481-1.06711363454703
Trimmed Mean ( 16 / 24 )-0.08678036073170730.0815850416313113-1.06367979958721
Trimmed Mean ( 17 / 24 )-0.08649305551282050.080914914032524-1.06893836009088
Trimmed Mean ( 18 / 24 )-0.08535261818918920.0801459479458159-1.06496485944484
Trimmed Mean ( 19 / 24 )-0.08264546125714290.0794779033414585-1.03985457318968
Trimmed Mean ( 20 / 24 )-0.07883759463636360.0785197807837675-1.00404756418604
Trimmed Mean ( 21 / 24 )-0.07238785277419350.0780879553796087-0.927004074089208
Trimmed Mean ( 22 / 24 )-0.06535290944827590.0773741127420143-0.844635332571498
Trimmed Mean ( 23 / 24 )-0.05647665888888890.0762313871753842-0.740858339084845
Trimmed Mean ( 24 / 24 )-0.046690104080.0742941987185133-0.628448854491318
Median0.0403125
Midrange0.2300195315
Midmean - Weighted Average at Xnp-0.104012225055555
Midmean - Weighted Average at X(n+1)p-0.0853526181891891
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function-0.0853526181891891
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging-0.0853526181891891
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation-0.0853526181891891
Midmean - Closest Observation-0.105859032289474
Midmean - True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit-0.0853526181891891
Midmean - MS Excel (old versions)-0.0853526181891891
Number of observations73
 
Charts produced by software:
http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2007/Nov/21/t11956543493claoiyc09l7zee/1sr9u1195654743.png (open in new window)
http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2007/Nov/21/t11956543493claoiyc09l7zee/1sr9u1195654743.ps (open in new window)


http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2007/Nov/21/t11956543493claoiyc09l7zee/2tork1195654743.png (open in new window)
http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2007/Nov/21/t11956543493claoiyc09l7zee/2tork1195654743.ps (open in new window)


 
Parameters:
 
R code (references can be found in the software module):
geomean <- function(x) {
return(exp(mean(log(x))))
}
harmean <- function(x) {
return(1/mean(1/x))
}
quamean <- function(x) {
return(sqrt(mean(x*x)))
}
winmean <- function(x) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
denom <- 3
nodenom <- n/denom
if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40
sqrtn = sqrt(n)
roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)
win <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))
for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {
win[j,1] <- (j*x[j+1]+sum(x[(j+1):(n-j)])+j*x[n-j])/n
win[j,2] <- sd(c(rep(x[j+1],j),x[(j+1):(n-j)],rep(x[n-j],j)))/sqrtn
}
return(win)
}
trimean <- function(x) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
denom <- 3
nodenom <- n/denom
if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40
sqrtn = sqrt(n)
roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)
tri <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))
for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {
tri[j,1] <- mean(x,trim=j/n)
tri[j,2] <- sd(x[(j+1):(n-j)]) / sqrt(n-j*2)
}
return(tri)
}
midrange <- function(x) {
return((max(x)+min(x))/2)
}
q1 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p;
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]
}
q2 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]
}
q3 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
q4 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
q5 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n-1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1] + f*(data[i+2]-data[i+1])
}
}
q6 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p+0.5
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- data[i]
}
q7 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- f*data[i] + (1-f)*data[i+1]
}
}
q8 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
if (f == 0.5) {
qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2
} else {
if (f < 0.5) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
}
}
midmean <- function(x,def) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
if (def==1) {
qvalue1 <- q1(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q1(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==2) {
qvalue1 <- q2(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q2(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==3) {
qvalue1 <- q3(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q3(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==4) {
qvalue1 <- q4(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q4(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==5) {
qvalue1 <- q5(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q5(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==6) {
qvalue1 <- q6(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q6(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==7) {
qvalue1 <- q7(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q7(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==8) {
qvalue1 <- q8(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q8(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
midm <- 0
myn <- 0
roundno4 <- round(n/4)
round3no4 <- round(3*n/4)
for (i in 1:n) {
if ((x[i]>=qvalue1) & (x[i]<=qvalue3)){
midm = midm + x[i]
myn = myn + 1
}
}
midm = midm / myn
return(midm)
}
(arm <- mean(x))
sqrtn <- sqrt(length(x))
(armse <- sd(x) / sqrtn)
(armose <- arm / armse)
(geo <- geomean(x))
(har <- harmean(x))
(qua <- quamean(x))
(win <- winmean(x))
(tri <- trimean(x))
(midr <- midrange(x))
midm <- array(NA,dim=8)
for (j in 1:8) midm[j] <- midmean(x,j)
midm
bitmap(file='test1.png')
lb <- win[,1] - 2*win[,2]
ub <- win[,1] + 2*win[,2]
if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(win[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(win[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))
lines(ub,lty=3)
lines(lb,lty=3)
grid()
dev.off()
bitmap(file='test2.png')
lb <- tri[,1] - 2*tri[,2]
ub <- tri[,1] + 2*tri[,2]
if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(tri[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(tri[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))
lines(ub,lty=3)
lines(lb,lty=3)
grid()
dev.off()
load(file='createtable')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data',4,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Measure',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Value',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'S.E.',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Value/S.E.',header=TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', 'Arithmetic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Arithmetic Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,arm)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean_standard_error.htm', armse, 'click to view the definition of the Standard Error of the Arithmetic Mean'))
a<-table.element(a,armose)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/geometric_mean.htm', 'Geometric Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Geometric Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,geo)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/harmonic_mean.htm', 'Harmonic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Harmonic Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,har)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/quadratic_mean.htm', 'Quadratic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Quadratic Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,qua)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
for (j in 1:length(win[,1])) {
a<-table.row.start(a)
mylabel <- paste('Winsorized Mean (',j)
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(win[,1]))
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/winsorized_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Winsorized Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,win[j,1])
a<-table.element(a,win[j,2])
a<-table.element(a,win[j,1]/win[j,2])
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
for (j in 1:length(tri[,1])) {
a<-table.row.start(a)
mylabel <- paste('Trimmed Mean (',j)
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(tri[,1]))
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Trimmed Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1])
a<-table.element(a,tri[j,2])
a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1]/tri[j,2])
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/median_1.htm', 'Median', 'click to view the definition of the Median'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,median(x))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midrange.htm', 'Midrange', 'click to view the definition of the Midrange'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midr)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_1.htm','Weighted Average at Xnp',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[1])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_2.htm','Weighted Average at X(n+1)p',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[2])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_3.htm','Empirical Distribution Function',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[3])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_4.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[4])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_5.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[5])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_6.htm','Closest Observation',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[6])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_7.htm','True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[7])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_8.htm','MS Excel (old versions)',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[8])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Number of observations',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,length(x))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')
 





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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License.

Software written by Ed van Stee & Patrick Wessa


Disclaimer

Information provided on this web site is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and noninfringement. We use reasonable efforts to include accurate and timely information and periodically update the information, and software without notice. However, we make no warranties or representations as to the accuracy or completeness of such information (or software), and we assume no liability or responsibility for errors or omissions in the content of this web site, or any software bugs in online applications. Your use of this web site is AT YOUR OWN RISK. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory shall we be liable to you or any other person for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, exemplary, or consequential damages arising from your access to, or use of, this web site.


Privacy Policy

We may request personal information to be submitted to our servers in order to be able to:

We NEVER allow other companies to directly offer registered users information about their products and services. Banner references and hyperlinks of third parties NEVER contain any personal data of the visitor.

We do NOT sell, nor transmit by any means, personal information, nor statistical data series uploaded by you to third parties.

We carefully protect your data from loss, misuse, alteration, and destruction. However, at any time, and under any circumstance you are solely responsible for managing your passwords, and keeping them secret.

We store a unique ANONYMOUS USER ID in the form of a small 'Cookie' on your computer. This allows us to track your progress when using this website which is necessary to create state-dependent features. The cookie is used for NO OTHER PURPOSE. At any time you may opt to disallow cookies from this website - this will not affect other features of this website.

We examine cookies that are used by third-parties (banner and online ads) very closely: abuse from third-parties automatically results in termination of the advertising contract without refund. We have very good reason to believe that the cookies that are produced by third parties (banner ads) do NOT cause any privacy or security risk.

FreeStatistics.org is safe. There is no need to download any software to use the applications and services contained in this website. Hence, your system's security is not compromised by their use, and your personal data - other than data you submit in the account application form, and the user-agent information that is transmitted by your browser - is never transmitted to our servers.

As a general rule, we do not log on-line behavior of individuals (other than normal logging of webserver 'hits'). However, in cases of abuse, hacking, unauthorized access, Denial of Service attacks, illegal copying, hotlinking, non-compliance with international webstandards (such as robots.txt), or any other harmful behavior, our system engineers are empowered to log, track, identify, publish, and ban misbehaving individuals - even if this leads to ban entire blocks of IP addresses, or disclosing user's identity.


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